Wireless Networking And Communicationâ€Free Samples for Students

Question: Discuss About The Wireless Networking And Communication? Answer: Introducation Horn Antennas: A microwave horn or horn antenna is that kind of antenna which is consist of flaring metal waveguide shaped like a horn for the radio waves to be directed in a beam. These antennas are used at microwave frequency and UHF which are more than 300MHz (Esquius-Moroteet al., 2013). There are several types of horn antennas the corrugated horn antenna, conical horn and pyramid antennas. The transition between free space and wave guides are affected on the enabling of this antenna. Following are the strength and weakness of the Horn antennas: Strength Weakness Good impedance match Flare angled and length of the flare must not be very small Small minor lobes are formed Decides the directivity Greater directivity Designing of the flare angle Narrow beam width Avoids the standing waves Helical Antennas: Helical antenna consists of wire that can conduct in the form of a helix. Helical antennas are mostly grounded over a plane ground. Thus, feed line gets connected between the ground and the bottom of the helix. The frequency by which the helical antenna operates is from 30MHz to 3GHz (Ju Zhang, 2014). Following are the strength and weakness of the Helical antenna: Strength Weakness Wider bandwidth Efficiency decreases with the number of turns Provide polarized waves circularly The antenna size is large so it requires more space Have simple design Also can be used at HF and VHF bands Highest directivity Yagi Antennas: Yagi antennas are also known as the Yagi-Uda antenna, which is has been constructed in such a way that is simple but also has higher gain that is greater than 10dB (Esquius-Moroteet al., 2013). This antenna can be operated in HF to UHF bands that are from 3MHz to 3GHz, therefore has smaller bandwidth. Basically used in the roof tops. Following are the strength and weakness of the Yagi antenna: Strength Weakness High directives is achieved Prone to noise High gain is achieved Experiences degradation of the electrical characteristics Less amount of power is needed Frequency range and bandwidth is limited Easy of handling and maintenance Prone to atmospheric effects Broader coverage of frequency Cellular Antenna: Cellular antennas are also called the cell antennas. These are basically used to make conjunction with the help of several power boosters like inline amplifier and some of them are directly connected with the cell phone adapter cables (Honget al., 2014). Following are the strength and weakness of the Cellular antenna: Strength Weakness Wireless service Effects the environment Can be used remotely Data and signals might get lost some times Parabolic Reflector Antenna: This is mainly made of metal and screen mesh and is used for the conjunction with horn antennas. EM-waves falls on the wide dish and the gets radiated in the air during the transmission. Following are the strength and weakness of the Parabolic antenna: Strength Weakness Wider bandwidth Requires drive element and reflectors High gain Additional cost may be needed High directivity Not as small as other antennas thus used in specific purpose Future Prospective: As per the requirement of the question, Helical antenna would play the most dominant player in the future perspective: The Beam mode or Axial operation: The field of radiation is at the end in this mode of radiation, the end-fire is directed along the helical axis. The wave is either circular or may be circularly polarized. The direction along the beam axis at oblique angles produces minor lobes and hence the radiation is broader than the other antennas (Abbasiet al.,2016). Perpendicular or Normal mode of radiation: The radiated waves are circularly polarized and the radiation field of the helix is normal and the radiated waves are polarized circularly. This is to obtain if the dimension of the helix is small when compared to wavelength Advanced wireless technologies: Voice Over IP Network (VoIP) uses the Internet Protocol that helps in transmitting the voice over an IP network. This transmission is done through packets, providing the required service to the clients (Ju Zhang, 2014). This technology is used in several browsers. The main advantages of using this VoIP are this is cost effective, facilitates multi-vendor interoperability, data networks and integrated IP voices. There are several protocols in VoIP like: SIP, MGCP, Megaco, H.248 and H.323. VoIP applications are broadly used over the internet browsers, used in voice processing, has to be flexible and thus allow a mixture of private and public service that helps in adapting the local regulations (Loo, Mauri Ortiz, 2016). The security concerns of VoIP are much similar to the internet connected devices this tends to the hackers knowing the connections vulnerability may plant DoS attack, comprise the voice mails, record all the conversation and data breach the data of the customers. It is a challenging task to route the VoIP traffic through network address translators or firewalls. References Abbasi, Q. H., Rehman, M. U., Qaraqe, K., Alomainy, A. (2016). Advances in body-centric wireless communication: Applications and state-of-the-art. Institution of Engineering and Technology. Esquius-Morote, M., Fuchs, B., Zrcher, J. F., Mosig, J. R. (2013). Novel thin and compact H-plane SIW horn antenna. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 61(6), 2911-2920. Hong, W., Baek, K. H., Lee, Y., Kim, Y., Ko, S. T. (2014). Study and prototyping of practically large-scale mmWave antenna systems for 5G cellular devices. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(9), 63-69. Jehangir, S. S., Hassan, A., Sharawi, M. S. (2016, June). A 4-element dual wideband circular Yagi MIMO antenna system with loop excitation. In Antennas and Propagation (APSURSI), 2016 IEEE International Symposium on (pp. 69-70). IEEE. Ju, H., Zhang, R. (2014). Throughput maximization in wireless powered communication networks. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 13(1), 418-428. Karnaushenko, D. D., Karnaushenko, D., Makarov, D., Schmidt, O. G. (2015). Compact helical antenna for smart implant applications. NPG Asia Materials, 7(6), e188. Loo, J., Mauri, J. L., Ortiz, J. H. (Eds.). (2016). Mobile ad hoc networks: current status and future trends. CRC Press. Wang, C. X., Haider, F., Gao, X., You, X. H., Yang, Y., Yuan, D., ... Hepsaydir, E. (2014). Cellular architecture and key technologies for 5G wireless communication networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(2), 122-130.