Identifying Drugs of Abuse Using Gas Chromatography :: Forensic Science

ScenarioOn the 23rd of September 2015 at 2258, Mr. Rob Slone was arrested on Sanctuary Road, West Bridgford on possession with absorbed to supply. A large amount of cash was found on the suspect and a stand containing unknown oral contraceptive pills and powders was recovered from the riverbank, in close proximity to the posture of the arrest. A balance with withdraw- white powder, an off- white powder in self sealed bag and a tablet in paper wraps were seized from Mr. Slones property. At the riverside, a 5 note, a tablet in paper wraps and 2 off- white powders in self sealed bags, were seized.Physical examinationAimThe evidence is physically examined to determine the integrity of the seized substances earlier any destructive techniques are used.IntroductionIn forensic science physical examination of the evidence is essential as if the packaging is not correct evidence can be lost or accessed. A chain of custody is importantPhotography is essential, any photographs should be ta ken before the evidence is moved.MethodsExhibit MF/2Before any destructive techniques were used on the exhibit, the integrity of the packaging was determined. The tamper apparent bag containing the exhibit was examined to check if was correctly labelled and sealed. Upon receipt of the exhibit the continuity label was signed to ensure the integrity of the exhibit. The tamper evident bag was cut and opened. The yellow paper wrap containing the white tablet measured 1.8x 4cm. The yellow paper wrap was opened to remove the tablet. The exhibit MF/2 was photographed with scale. Visual examination indicates that the exhibit is a white tablet with a manufacturers logo CO/COD. The imprint suggested that the tablet could be co-codamol. Co-codamolThe tablet was weighed in a plastic weighing boat to prevent any contamination. The tablet weighed 0.6001 grams.All the information was noted on a General test Record.Exhibit DR/3Upon receipt of exhibit DR/3 the continuity label was signed. The tamp er evident bag was cut and opened. In the bag there was an off white powder in a sealed bag. The bag containing off white powder was weighed. It weighed 0.80823 grams.Results and discussionPhysical examination is essential for the integrity of exhibits. The exhibits must(prenominal) be physically examined before any techniques that would destroy are used. The exhibitsThe aim of the experiment as a forensic analyst is to examine the seized items visually before the presumptive tests. ExhibitsBag NumberSamantha NaasDR/3D10025448MF/2D10025224Catherine TuckeyDR/2D10025606MF/3D10025590Lee BerryDR/1D10025639MF/4D10025438 likely testsAimThe presumptive tests are carried out to get a preliminary identification of the controlled sample and are used for qualitative analysis of the unknown substance.

Hirohitos Japanese Surrender Essay -- essays research papers

Hirohito and The lacquerese Surrender The world was hectic in the 20th century. The first plane was flown, World struggle I took place (1914-1918), communists took over Russia and China (1917), penicillin was discovered (1928), the U.S. stock market crashed (1929), and the DNAs structure was discovered (. However, on the eastern side of the world, the or so notable occurrences were probably Hitlers rise as chancellor and his launching of the Kristallnacht, the German invasion of Poland, Japans bombing of Pearl Harbor, and the Holocaust. Further east, specifically Japan, its 124th Emperor had just inherited his fathers place, right before entering World War II. Throughout Hirohitos years of leadership, he make several decisions for the country. One of his best moves being his announcement of Japans unconditional surrender on August 15th, 1945 during World War II. If Hirohito had not administered this force surrender, Japan would not have been able to develop and flourish in such a way that it has in order to reach such a point of supremacy and progress such as becoming the worlds 14th richest country. If Hirohito hadnt surrendered Japan, his place in Japans organization wouldve been abolished. Because of this admitted defeat, he thus showed his affection for his people by ending their suffering by ending their side of the war and in return, Japans providence and the countrys income thrived, the people remained loyal to their Emperor. Hirohito was born in the Aoyama Palace in Tokyo, Japan, on April 29th, 1901 to the name of Prince Michi No Miya. As a child he was tutored by Kimmochi Saionju, the former prime minister, in the areas of mathematics, history, science, and governmental management and r... ...954. However, once Japan began to flourish, it has now become the worlds 14th richest country having a GDP per capita of $32,640 (2006). Despite a major stock market crash in 1990, from which the country is recovering gradually , Japan remains a global economical power today and is now bidding for a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council. Had it not been for Hirohitos decision to surrender Japan to its allies during World War II in 1945, Japan would have been given the opportunity to thrive both economically and socially as it has to this in truth day. Hirohito put his people as his foremost priority, and this undivided care led him to make the best decisions for Japan. His military tactics and thought process brought Japan to its success and it is thus why Japan is now one of the most recognized and distinguished countries of the modern-day.

The Search for Large Extra Dimensions using Dijet Production from pp Collisions at 1.8 TeV :: Physics Papers

The Search for Large Extra Dimensions using Dijet Production from pp Collisions at 1.8 TeVAbstract The search for extra dimensions has been a topic of prominent interest and has been investigated with a variety of methods and techniques of analysis.1,2,3,4 The existence of Large Extra Dimensions (LED) can be determined given that (at Mew or greater) gravity and its mediator, the graviton (spin 2), can devil these extra dimensional manifolds. Atwood has developed a model using hadron colliders and the cross-sections for a 2 T 2 hadronic dijet process.2 We propose to use this model and to make a best fit as well as to establish bounds using Ms, the Planck energy weighing machine for when quantum gravity causes a noticeable change from the SM, and n, the get of compacted extra dimensions.IntroductionPopular string theories predict a 10 + 1 dimension space-time with the extra dimensions creating compacted manifolds. However, the size of these manifolds would be on the recite of 10-35 m, and the energy needed for experimental test is significantly far out of the range of even very imaginative future colliders. The model proposed by Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali (ADD) introduces the scuttle for extra dimensions (ED) to exist in order to solve the hierarchy problem of the physics at two very different energy scales. The first scale is the current experimental scale where physics is dictated by the SM (Mew, the electro-weak scale), and the other scale is at the Planck scale (MPl).1 In addition, ED may as well help explain losses in transverse momenta and monojet events.1,2,3,4.The strength of gravity is about 1037 times weaker than the weak nuclear force. At some point on the energy scale, as most physics and especially Grand Unified Theories front to indicate, all of the forces must be unified. This go out certainly happen some the Planck energy scale (MPl 1017 GeV). Although the three strongest forces appear to be coming closer in relative stre ngth with increasing energy, an extrapolation of the coupling constants for these forces using the SM will not cross at the same point.5 However, supersymmetry and other related theories such as Technicolor, which have be cleverly devised in part to solve this (7s) problem, seem to predict that they will cross together with additional physics beyond the SM.1,5On the other hand, if unification is to occur, at some point gravity must make a tremendous climb in strength to be unified with the other forces.

Integrating Women into the World Economy Essay -- Economics Females E

Integrating Women into the World Economy Introduction On November 9, 1989, the worlds prudence changed dramatically. The fall of the Berlin wall produced a new world order which enabled states to connect on political, economic, and social levels with nations that were previously inaccessible to the western world. This created an interaction across topic boundaries. The past two decades have seen the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide, including an increased volume of cross-border transactions of goods and services, international capital flows, and most importantly, the rapid and widespread spreading of technology (Economic and Social Survey of Asia and the Pacific, 1999). The airplane hijackings in America on September 11, 2001 further proved that the world had changed. From that day forward, all nations feature the abilities to play a role in outsourcing and technology sharing. New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman illustrated this point in the book The World Is Flat when he stated that economic power sources are no longer monopolized by prosperous developed nations, but instead by a flattened, equal acting field for all countries. There are numerous illustrations used by Friedman, including the fact that all the worlds computer parts come from the kindred supply chain that runs from Korea, down through coastal China, over to Taiwan and down to Malaysia (Friedman). With the influx of development in the global arena, opportunities for jobs and sustainability have also increased, in particular in developing nations with resources to contribute to global production. Such positions and opportunities have been filled mainly by citizens who have been granted educational opportuniti... ...nomics. United Nations Development blood for Women. 23 April 2007 Regional Symposium on Gender Mainstreaming into Economic Policies. 28-30 January 2004. United Nations Economic Commission for Europe. The United Nations Fourth World Conference on Women. September 2005. capital of Red China Platform for Action. 20 April 2007. What Are the Millennium Development Goals? 2005. UN Development Goals. 20 April 2007. Women and the Economy. UNFPA Working to Empower Women. 23 April 2007. - Women and the Economy.htm

The Significance of Chapter 5 to Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Papers

The Significance of Chapter 5 to Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Chapter 5 has a significant part in the new(a) Frankenstein as a whole because it links to what happens later in the story. This is shown by the language, setting, characters behaviour, the relationship to gothic tradition and contemporary issues. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, which is a very well go to bed gothic horror story was first published in 1818, where traditional gothic conventions are used. Mary Shelley was born on the 30th, August, 1797 and she first met Percy Bysshe Shelley and immediately hide in love with him and later on got married. However society didnt approve with their marriage because he was already a married man and she was only 16 and they werent married to each other. Victor Frankenstein was born in Genevese, which is mentioned in the opening paragraph, I am by birth a Genevese, and my family is one of the most peremptory of that republic. The basic story of Frankenst ein is about a monster that was created by Victor and when he discovered this he was shocked. Since this day close family has been murdered and the monster has been by-line Victor. A lot of suspicious things have happened and until the end of the story Victor is fighting against the Monster. The monster finally dies and Victors ambition is complete in destroying the monster. The past of the novel gives a contemporary significance as it brings forward the subject of cloning and stem cell research, which is a controversial subject matter today. Frankensteins monster is created by Victor, this brings the matter forward of cloning and stem cell research, as Victor would have needed to do a lot of research before end his creation. The novel shows that by creating clones, it doesnt always turn out to plan, as Frankensteins monster turns out to be evil and commits several murders. In the novel it has many juvenile gothic conventions. In Frankenstein there a re boundaries between life and death and emphasise on real horror. Mary Shelley explores the darker side of the human psyche and

The Significance of Chapter 5 to Mary Shelleys Frankenstein :: Papers

The Significance of Chapter 5 to Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Chapter 5 has a significant part in the tonic Frankenstein as a whole because it links to what happens later in the story. This is shown by the language, setting, characters behaviour, the relationship to gothic tradition and contemporary issues. Mary Shelleys Frankenstein, which is a rattling well know gothic horror story was setoff published in 1818, where traditional gothic conventions are used. Mary Shelley was born on the 30th, August, 1797 and she first met Percy Bysshe Shelley and immediately fell in love with him and later on got married. However society didnt approve with their marriage because he was already a married musical composition and she was only 16 and they werent married to each other. Victor Frankenstein was born in Genevese, which is menti 1d in the opening paragraph, I am by birth a Genevese, and my family is one of the most distinguished of that republic. The basic st ory of Frankenstein is about a monster that was created by Victor and when he discovered this he was shocked. Since this day close family has been kill and the monster has been following Victor. A lot of suspicious things have happened and until the end of the story Victor is fighting against the Monster. The monster finally dies and Victors ambition is complete in destroying the monster. The past of the novel gives a contemporary significance as it brings forward the subject of cloning and stem cell look for, which is a controversial subject government issue today. Frankensteins monster is created by Victor, this brings the matter forward of cloning and stem cell research, as Victor would have needed to do a lot of research before completing his creation. The novel shows that by creating clones, it doesnt always turn out to plan, as Frankensteins monster turns out to be evil and commits several murders. In the novel it has many modern gothic conventio ns. In Frankenstein there are boundaries between life and death and emphasise on real horror. Mary Shelley explores the darker side of the humans psyche and

Aspects and traits of different cultures and how they communicate Essay

acculturation can be interpreted variantly by different deal but the general meaning of culture can be determined as peoples way of life-time which is passed from virtuoso(a) generation to an new(prenominal) and as well sh bed among other different societies. The population has very many different societies and each of these societies have their own way of life, their beliefs and norms. The activities that people involve themselves in and the beliefs they hold is what normally forms their culture.These cultural beliefs are the wizards that distinguish one edict from other societies and therefore many societies hold their culture as a very important symbol of identification(Neil). This document discusses the general aspects and traits of different cultures. It also gives a detailed view of how this traits and aspects are communicated deep down the societies and also across to other societies The aspects of culture generally display the general way of life of most societie s in the world. These aspects can be a useful base to canvas how different societies in the world live.One of the most prominent aspects of culture is the government structure of the societies and the international relation ships of this hostel with the outside world. Government within any nightspot refers to the way the people in any society result make their laws and how these laws are enforced to the society. It also brings out the issues of leadership and how it is passed on to others within the society. entirely the societies in the world have different types of governments and the way one government is run is certainly non the same as the other society. The way laws are made and enforced is also in attendent among the different societies.For modelling, the United States of America has its own way of making laws and enforcing them, which is different from the way the African countries or other European countries do it. The procedures that are followed in the US to elec t a president are non the same as the procedures that allow be followed in Australia, china, or any other country. The international relations between one country and other country are simply non the same. The way the government of UK relates with the government of Canada is not the same way it will relate to a country like Nigeria.The international relations ships are different between one society and other all over the world (Shapiro, p25) . Another important aspect of culture is the economies of the societies and the resources available to them. The resources that are available to one society may not be available to another society. This can be due to different geographical locations which may favor some(a) societies with give away resources than others. For example, some societies in the world have natural resources while others do not have any natural resources. The resources available define a societys way of earning a living.For example some societies especially in the Af rican continent have abundant natural resources and most of them may depend on agriculture for a living. Other countries such as Korea have to import the raw materials for their manufacturing industries. The resources available and the type of management will then define the type of economies the societies will have at the end of the day. The scarcity of resources within the different societies has for example brought around trade and this has formed a major distinctive of culture in the different societies(Benedict,p13).The societies have different spiritual conceptualizes and this forms the basis of religion in the different societies. People within the societies have their own believes about the supernatural powers and this has given the society a clear definition of what to worship. For example the different societies in the world have different religions. While some societies believe in Christianity, others believe in Islamic, Hindu, cults among other religions. These belie fs affect the societys way of life very differently. The way the Islamic religion dictates life is not the same as the Christianity.Their practices and believes are different. The passing of these religions between the societies is also very different. While to some like Islam it is mandatory other societies find it a personal choice and therefore optional (Lull,p22) Literacy and technology is another aspect of culture. This aspect brings out the different ways in which different societies acquire education. For example how they attend develop and the type of school curricula that is followed. The education system in most word societies are not the same.The kind of technology that is incorporated in the school programs is very different from one society to another. Some societies such as western societies have more ripe(p) technology than societies in the African context. What is taught in the school curricula is also different from one society to another. This eventually affects the types of societies that are finally brought up in future. Some of the societies are more technologically advanced that other societies in the world(Shapiro, p27) . Community and family life forms another part of the cultural aspect.This gives an approach of how people live and how closely they are related to each other. This also defines the kind of housing that the individuals may live in. Different societies construct their houses differently according to their beliefs. While some societies believe in stone built houses, some societies may construct mud hoses thatched with grass. The shapes and finishing of the houses constructed by the different societies is also different owing to their beliefs. The way the societies are divided for example in equipment casualty of race, ethnicity, family among others is also very different.This clearly means that the defined relationships between the family members in the societies are different. For example the way the younger people rela te to the elders within the society is different across the world societies. The occasions and how they are celebrated within the societies is also very unique. For example they way the Chinese embrace their culture is not the same as then Indian society(Benedict, p17). The cultural humanities and crafts within the societies are diversified. The arts that you will find in America are not the same as the arts in Asia.All the societies in the world have their unique paintings, music, sculptures, and architecture. The way the societies make the pottery, carvings, baskets, mats and others is very different. The kind of music enjoyed by one culture is not the same as the other society. These cultural aspects are dealn to exist in any society. The only difference is that every society has a unique and independent way of approaching each aspect. Apart from the aspects of culture in the societies, another major characteristic of culture is its traits. All cultures across the different so cieties have common traits.One of the cultural traits in the society is that culture is learned. All of us are born(p) and raised in different societies. One is not born with the culture of any specific society. Individuals learn the culture of the society they are born in. If a child is born in a different culture from his parents, the child is likely to learn the culture of the second society and not that of his /her parents. Another trait of culture is that it is genetic from one generation to another. People do not form other cultures when they are born.Instead the older people normally pass the culture in their society to the younger generations within the same society(Neil). This reinforces and maintains culture within the societies. This is because, if a culture is not passed from one generation to the next, it is most likely that that culture will eventually die. The older people therefore normally hold the responsibility of teaching the younger people the beliefs , tradit ions, values and norms of the society. Culture is dependent on the world of symbols to communicate it from one generation to another.This means that the methods apply to pass culture in one society are basically similar as methods used in another society. The symbols that are normally relied upon by the societies are the verbal and non-verbal symbols of communication. Other symbols that may be used to communicate culture include icons and images. flip-flop is another important trait of culture. This means that there is no one culture that is not subject to change. The culture that used to be followed by our swell grand parents is not the same culture that we follow today.As times change, people keep changing what they believe in and this eventually changes the culture of the society (Benedict, p18). Change of culture is normally subject to the various changes that occur in our daily lives. For example changes in the education systems, change in technological overture of the soci ety, discoveries and innovations that may occur as life progresses. All the societies have another important cultural trait of superiority over other cultures. This trait is referred to as ethnocentric. The societies believe that their norms, values and practices are superior and far much better than those of other societies.This trait is a major source of conflict between societies since none of the societies will accept to be put down by another society. This trait helps the individuals within any particular society to feel proud of themselves and impersonate the positive image of their society. The final cultural trait in the societies is the adaptive nature of culture. As the world advances the changes that come with it must readily be pleasing within the societies. For example most cultures in the past regarded women as a weaker sex and their role in the society was very minimal.As the technological advance took ground, women have adapted different roles in the society and t oday they perform the roles that were previously referred as masculine roles. People keep adapting different styles of life as change is adapted within the cultural context of the societies (Neil). Culture is communicated using different methods within the society. Communication of culture is done through various methodologies of learning. Culture itself can be learnt consciously or unconscious. Unconscious methods include observation and practicing of what other people do within your culture.The younger people may for example start dressing, singing and behaving like other people do within their society by just observing and imitating them. The conscious methods include reading about the culture and being taught by the older generation about your culture (Benedict, p23) Culture is taught to the younger generation through proverbs, folktales, myths folklore, art, music, poetry and mass media. Many are the times when our grand parents would tell stories related to our culture. The yo unger generation is then expected to behave in a manner that suits the lessons they learn from the stories and legends they hear.Everything that we do in our lives, both in the verbal and non-verbal originates from what we learnt in our cultural back ground. Apart from the older generation, culture can also be learnt from other sources such as our families, teachers ,religious organizations and our peer groups. Within the family context, parents hold the sole responsibility of teaching their young ones how to behave in accordance to the societys value and norms(Lull, p28). They introduce them to the religious education and also the formal education system. What a child starts learning from the beginning of child hood forms a big ground for the cultural beliefs.For example, a child introduced to Islamic faith when very young and has grown believing in it would be very difficult to change and start believing in other religions such as Hindu or Christianity. In the institutions that we grow in, peer groups are likely to result and this forms another source where culture is learnt within the society. One is eager to learn what the other knows that he/she does not know and in this way we find that culture quickly passes to other individuals (Lull, p33). Culture is not only passed within the societies but it is passed to other societies.This has become very common in todays societies where we find that individuals do not strictly hold fast to the beliefs in their own society. This has resulted from the effects of globalization that takes place in the present world. Many societies today are very integrated in different aspects of life such as marriage, trade, education among others. With such integration we find that people start dressing like other societies, eating foods similar to other societies, appreciating arts and traditions of other societies among others. People learn about other cultures through adaptation of behaviors and norms of the society at interest .Trade, media, intermarriages and education have become the best mechanisms of passing the cultures from one society to another (Toomey, p10) . In conclusion culture has the same general aspects and traits within the different societies across the world. The only difference is how these characteristics are interpreted in the different world societies. Culture is no longer viewed the same as it used to be in the past. Many individuals today do not know about their culture due to the adaptation of other societal cultures which is often mixed with the native culture.This has given rise to societies with very diverse believes and many cultural conflicts within the society. Works cited Dennis ONeil. (2007). Characteristics of Culture. Available from http//anthro. palomar. edu/culture/culture_2. htm Harry Lionel Shapir. Aspects of Culture. Ayer Publishing, 1970, p23-56 Lull, J. Media, Communication, Culture A global approach. New York, Columbia University Press, 1995, p16-34 Ruth Benedict Patterns of Culture. Mariner Books, 2005,p13-44 ting Toomey, S. Communicating across cultures. New York, Guilford, 1999, p4-18

ALL SOULS REFLECTIVE ESSAY Essay

Michael Patrick Macdonald was bought up in Southies Old Colony housing project. He describes the way this military man felt to the troubled yet keenly gifted observer he was even as a child. With radiant insight, he opens up a contrasted world, where residents are troubled by gangs and crime but refuse to admit any problems, remaining fiercely loyal to their community. MacDonald also introduces us to the unforgettable sight who inhabit this proud inhabithood. We meet his mother, Ma MacDonald, an accordion-playing, spiked-heel-wearing, indomitable mother to all Whitey Bulger, the lord of Southie, gangster and father figure, protector and punisher and Michaels beloved siblings, to the highest degree half of whom were lost forever to drugs, murder, or suicide.By turns explosive and touching, All Souls ultimately shares a powerful message of hope, renewal, and redemption. Macdonald eloquently describes us to us the impressiveness of family, friends, race and everything in between. All Souls is the written equivalent of an Irish wake where revelers dance and sing the dead persons praises. Michael Patrick MacDonald was in third first floor when the riots broke out.The man ran from the crowd as people threw rocks at him, MacDonald writes. He was trying to get away, but there was nowhere to go. . . . Kill the nigger my neighbor shouted. That was Mollys mother, running to join the commotion. Mollys mother is a prime symbol of what MacDonald tries to explain about race in Southie. She is despised, devoid and barely surviving in a dismal housing project. By shouting Kill the nigger, she displays the only attribute that sets her above the blacks that she so hates.MacDonalds theme is filled with vivid episodes of his brother Daveys horrific incarceration in Mass Mental and ultimate suicide of the time Helen took her older kids to the hospital, where her current buffer was a patient, to beat him up after he denied he was the father of the child she was carrying of the murder of his brother Frankie by his compatriots after the police shot him in an armored-car robbery. But perhaps most shocking is the accusation that the FBI was paying Southies leading gangster, Whitey Bulger, as an informant although they knew he was the neighborhood kingpin.Within the unlikeable world of the projects, there is a code of silence about the extent of death and destruction around them. In certain ways, my group walkabout through capital of Massachusettss Chinatown did reflect what Macdonald wrote in his novel, not through the drugs,the gangs or violence that existed during the time, but through the solidarity and compassion the residents feel for each other.Like Macdonalds mother, Ma who managed to raise ten children despite various abusive relationships and other difficulties of life the people of Chinatown and other Boston towns never seem to let the signs of the times instill their livelihood or wellbeing. No matter what kind of hardships they encounter, th e family unit always comes first, an admirable trait difficult to come by. MacDonalds conversational style whips readers in rage towards the unfairness of the uncontrollable situations, and makes them long for the type of tight-knit community that existed in South Boston decades ago. This is a powerful story that finally captures the sum of long-ignored Southie. As New York Times put itThe book leavens tragedy with humor but preserves the heartbreaking detailsMLA All Souls A Family Story from Southie Michael Patrick slip in Name of Site in Italics. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2012 .Michael Patrick MacDonald All Souls A Family Story from Insert Name of Site in Italics. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2012 .A Prayer for the stone-dead The New York Times pause News Insert Name of Site in Italics. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2012 .A Prayer for the Dead The New York Times Breaking News Insert Name of Site in Italics. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2012 .All Souls A Family Story from Southie Michae l Patrick Insert Name of Site in Italics. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2012 . tails Book Reviews All Souls University of California Insert Name of Site in Italics. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2012 .

Legality and Ethicality of Financial Reporting Essay

As the result of Excello Telecommunications is reviewed it can be seen that the CFO was facing financial difficulties due to increased competition. In 2010 the earnings estimate was non passing to be met and this would have affected the bonuses, stock options, and the share prices of the Excello stocks. After discovering a cosmic sale that was pending until the shipment could be made for the following division the CFO asked the company controller to find a way to capitalize on the sale in the current year so that the budget shortage could be met. The only way to accomplish the task was to work around the rules of chronicle. The in decennaryt to find a way around the rules presents possible legal issues. This case can be evaluated by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the AICPA and we look at the financial reporting standards and ethics involved.The CFO of Excello, Terry Reed, discovered that the company made a sale of $1.2 million vaulting horses on December 20, 2010 but it could not be recorded until January 11, 2011 because the purchasing companys warehouse capacity could not intromit the equipment. After this discovery Reed determined that the monetary shortfall for 2010 could be solved if the company could record the sale for 2010 instead of in 2011. The Controller, Marty Fuller, for the company approached the accounting department and there were terzetto possible ways found to work around the dilemma. The first was to off the produce to an off-site warehouse that was owned by Excello by December 31 and hold it there until January 11 when it could be shipped to the purchaser. The second would be to transfer the carrefour to the purchaser by December 31 and offer a full refund upon return. The third option is to offer a ten percent discount to the purchaser if they accept the product by December 31.In reviewing this case it can be seen that there are legal issues that are involved. The controller of the company is fully aware of the rules of accounting and is volition to work around them at the request of the CFO practicing earning concern in an effort to achieve the company financial goal. Excello cannot legally report the income of the $1.2 million dollar sale in 2010 due to the fact that it bequeath not be shipped until 2011. If the sale is recorded the way the CFO wants it to appear the company would be fauxly inflating the profits for the year 2010. If the sale is recorded in 2010 it will be overstated earnings and will violate the GAAP for revenue intuition. The revenue recognition rule is stated so that the goods are to be delivered to the buyer earlierrevenue can be recorded. Falsely reporting this will artificially hit the roof the revenue and is deceiving to the shareholders. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) was designed so that it could regulate the rules and regulations and appropriately guide companies in reporting their financial statements and performing audits.The CFO for Excello decided to use earning managem ent practices and falsely inflate the financial statement from 2010 in order to meet the earnings estimate it and in doing so breached Section 302 of the SOX codes. Section 302 of the SOX is the Corporate tariff for Financial Reports and states This section requires the certification of periodic reports filed with the SEC by the CEO and CFO of public companies. (Mintz & Morris, 2011) The reports that will be filed by Excello for the 2010 year with the SEC will contain false information and in doing so will violate the code. The goal of the SEC is to protect activities and interests of investors, lenders, and companies. The artificial inflation for earned revenue in 2010 by Excello causes risks to the investors, lenders, and shareholders as it is fraudulent information that is reported and is an unethical practice. The unethical financial reporting that Excello considered in this case goes against the AICPA Code of headmaster Conduct.The AICPA holds Certified Professional Accountan ts to a high ethical standard. As the Excello Company reports revenue prematurely it violates several of the principles that the AICPA is built on. The reasoning of the decision to prematurely record $1.2 million dollars was base on bonuses, stock, and shareholders and was not done in the interest of the public. This decision could have affected the integrity of the company as the trust to the public, clients, and lenders would be broken. The decision to artificially inflate the profits for the year 2010 proves to be unethical in the terms of the AICPA. Putting the bonuses, stock options, and the share prices ahead of the public interest is unethical mien and unaccepted by the AICPA, GAAP, or SEC. The accounting department for Excello came up with three ways that the rules of the GAAP could be bent in order to accommodate preserve profits earlier than appropriate. The first was to ship to an offsite warehouse owned by Excello by December 31, 2010 and ship it again on the requeste d January 11, 2011 date.The second was to transfer the product to the buyer by December 31 and offer a full refund if retuned to Excello. The third option was to offer the buyer a ten percent discount to take theproduct by December 31, 2010. Of the three options the best alternative seems to be offering a discount if the customer takes the product by December 31, 2010. Giving discounts to a buyer is not an uncommon practice and is not an illegal practice that is defined by the GAAP or the SEC. If the product is delivered to the buyer by the December 31, 2010 deadline the sale will be legitimate and the $1.2 million dollars can be appropriately recorded in 2010. Transferring the product to the buyer before January in order to make the earnings estimate and procure the bonuses and stock options is not the most ethical reason but does not appear to be illegal.The CFO of the company asked the controller to find a way around the GAAP regulations in order to record a large sale by the end of the 2010 year that would have been otherwise legally recorded in 2011. After reviewing the GAAP regulations it is seen that recording a sale before the buyer takes ownership is a fraudulent recognition of profit. The process of recording and recognizing revenue before it is actually due is illegal in the eyes of the SEC. This artificial inflation of profits can affect the public and investors in the company. The unethical behavior of fraudulent profit recording goes against the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct as well because it puts the company ahead of the public interest.There were three options given by the accounting department to solve the issue of the year-end profit earnings. Of the three options presented, the third was to offer a discount in order for the customer to take delivery of the product by the deadline allowing for profits to be recorded legally. It is comprehendible that a company needs to make the earnings estimate, however it should be done legally and n o CFO or CPA should consider deform the rules set forth by the GAAP. The idea of trying to work around the rules and guidelines set forth by the GAAP is unethical behavior.ReferencesMintz, S. M., & Morris, R. E. (2011). Ethical Obligations and decision fashioning in accounting (2nd ed.). New York, NY McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

American History 1800 to 1877

The emergence of the United States as an unconditional nation, towards the end of the eighteenth century, was an significant happening in contemporary history. It direct to the creation of the worlds wealthiest and mightiest power, and the subsequent development of a rich and vibrant society that influenced humankind in many ways. The future of the United States was, however the furthest thing on the minds of the population who inhabited the North American continent in the beginning of the ordinal century.Aggressive European settlers, calamitous slaves and the original inhabitants of the sphere, descendents of mountain who had come from Serbia thousands of years ago and known as indigenous Americans or American Indians, peopled the solid ground. The European settlers, chiefly from Britain, were adventurers, people willing to take grand risks and endure enormous physical hardship to build a future for their families and children. The unforgiving people lived and worked a s slaves in farms and workshops.Captured from villages and farms in Africa by face cloth slave traders, thousands of Africans, virtuallyly from the Sudan, came to North America in shackles, and aboard slave ships, in the 17th and 18th centuries. White farmers and settlers purchased the absorbed Africans from these traders and used them as slaves, on farms and plantations, or soly in horrific conditions. The children of slaves grew up in bondage and lived lives of legal slavery, Thus at the turn of the 18th century, nose candys of thousands of black Americans worked as slaves in America.While black slaves lived everywhere, their populations were concentrated in the farming(a) economy of the south, where the requirement for human labor necessitated their presence in large numbers. The primeval Americans, termed in ilk manner as Indians, were the original inhabitants of the land. A nomadic and innocent people, they belonged to different tribes and roamed all over the continent on horseback, living on game and agriculture.The primeval American people, at the beginning of the nineteenth century, were in a state of perplexity, disorder and dismay, confronted, as they were, by whites who were not just strongly armed, intelligent, organized, avaricious and cruel, but overly wished to devour their lands and drive them away from their habitat. The nineteenth century is an epochal period in American history, characterized by continuous interaction and confrontation amid the white European settlers, the black slaves and brown Native Americans.The period ended with the total domination of the white man, the eclipse of the proud Native American and the beginning of black emancipation. This essay attempts to analyse the events of the period 1800 to 1877 and examine the premise that the fiery and independent spirit of the Native Americans, quite distinct from the submissive and relatively docile emplacement of the black slaves, increased their threat perception i n the eyes of the whites and led to their near complete decimation in the United States. 2. The End of Slavery Slavery in the United States began with the arrival of twenty Africans in a Dutch slave ship in 1619 in West Virginia.The sale of these Africans as indentured servants preceded the capture, impartation and enslavement of thousands of black people to work in the newly developed farmlands of North America. An enormous number of men and women came from Africa in inhuman conditions to fill the suppuration demand of labor in the American colonies. Figures of the people captured and sold into slavery range from one to many millions. While their actual number is a numerate of controversy, the wide scale adoption of slavery in the US remains one of the worst and most horrific acts of humanity.Hundreds of accounts narrate the appalling conditions in which the slaves came and subsequent lived in the American colonies The slaves were transported across the ocean in especially fitt ed ships. They were kept lying on narrow ledges, chained, but were brought above deck in darling weather. Overcrowding, minimal and monotonous diet (two meals per day and a pint of water), poor hygiene, epidemics, and lack of physical activity decimated, on each and every 1-2 months long trip, a whopping one seventh to one fourth of the cargo and one sixth to one half of the crew.(Vaknin, 2005) The African slaves came from agricultural tribal economies and while physically very strong, were also very good with their hands and for work in the fields. A gradual realization of their enormous economic worth in agricultural production and other labor-intensive work led to the institutionalization of slavery, the legalization of personal chattel slaves and the creation of hereditary servitude where children of slaves were born as property of white masters.The availability of this large unpaid work force resulted in enormous increase in agricultural production, the building of American infra twist and the emergence of the USA as the wealthiest country in the world. Slaves became prized commodities and thought of as black gold. The slave trade also led to spurts in the economies of slave traffic nations equal Holland. Amsterdam became the trading capital of the slave trade, much like it is the center of the flower business today, acting as an auction centre and helping to manage the slave trade, with up to 10,000 slaving vessels frequenting the port. (Schuma, 1987).The institutionalisation of slavery led to huge increases in the numbers of slaves. A population of slightly less than one million slaves in 1800 increased four dig up to four million by 1860. (Slavery in Colonial America, 2006). As such, even though import of fresh slaves was stopped by the end of the 18th century, fecund growth proceed to increase their numbers. Even though their percentage of the total population fell from nearly 20 to 14 they remained a sizeable segment of American society. In fact, the relative percentage of slaves in the southern states varied from 20 to as much as 60 percent in accepted areas.Slavery at the time of the Revolution was firmly established in the five dollar bill southernmost states from Maryland to Georgia, and it was more than a trivial presence in most of the others. Slaves numbered about half a million in 1780, constituting a little more than one-sixth of the national population. In the South, two persons out of every five were slaves. (Fehrenbacher, 2002, p. 15) The struggle for dismissal and emancipation of American slaves began after the declaration of independence in 1776 and started gaining momentum by the early 1800s.The movement for liberation and emancipation was spearheaded by the northern states and opposed violently by the agricultural south. While it would be churlish to deny the enormous contribution of emancipators like Abraham Lincoln and Harriet Beecher Stowe, the primary close for this difference in attitude between the north and the south would appear to be economic and political rather than humanitarian. Southern economies depended much more on slave labor than the northern states and, ironical as it may appear, relationships between blacks and whites were much stronger in the south, than they were in the north.Over the years, even as cases of ill treatment continued to happen, living conditions of blacks in the south improved steadily. Most slave-owners regarded themselves as custodians of their slaves. They properly fed the working adults, allowed them to grow vegetables in their own garden plots, provided them with clothing and housing. In wealthier and larger plantations, the slaves were cared for by qualified physicians. Slave life was richer than portrayed in literature and cinema. Slaves belonged to churches and were ordained as ministers and preachers. A few learned to read and write. symphony was a favorite pastime.Slaves were allowed to moonlight or work on their own gratis(p) ti me. The Law, even in the Deep South, recognized slaves as both chattel and human beings. Slaves were held responsible for criminal acts they had committed, for instance, and enjoyed many human rights Case law and non-binding custom endowed them with additional privileges the right to marry, own private property, have free time, enter contracts, and (if female or child) be consigned to lighter labor. (Vaknin, 2005) The struggle for the granting immunity of black slaves originated, strangely enough, from white Americans, mostly from the north.The movement continued for decades until the confrontation between the south and the north over slavery ended in conflagration and violent civil war. People like William Garrison, Harriet Beecher Stowe and Harriet Tubman mobilized public opinion and influenced union regimen policy to take up the black cause. The blacks, themselves, had very little contribution to make towards their own liberation and the few localized and small insurrections th at did take place, like those led by Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner met with immediate and forceful suppression.The civil war lasted for many years and led to the death of thousands of federal and unionist soldiers. Its end, in 1865, led to the abolition of slavery and the freedom of African slaves. While some blacks did fight with the federal soldiers in the civil war, this is possibly the only if freedom struggle in the world where the oppressed, the denied and the ruled contributed very little towards their own liberation. Strange as it may appear, white northerners died in the thousands to secure American slaves their freedom.Feelings of compassion and thoughts of equality and improperness undoubtedly led many noble-minded whites to take up the cause of the unfortunate slaves. The movement for abolition of slavery and its violent denouement is one of the most famous freedom movements of the world. It is thus perplexing to know that while white Americans from the north were striv ing ceaselessly for black freedom, they were also driving Native Americans from their transmissible lands, destroying their means of survival, cloistering them in small parcels of land and decimating their numbers. 3.The Annihilation of the Native Americans The Native Americans, the current term for the original inhabitants of the Americas, are supposed to have migrated from Serbia thousands of years ago. The peoples, who belonged to some(prenominal) tribes, lived for thousands of years quite happily, growing their populations, living off game and rudimentary agriculture, before the Europeans set foot on North America. The early Europeans described these people in glowing terms. the Indians lived in common, the most perfect and most worthy life of man, a mark of the ancient golden age. This good Indian welcomed the European invaders and treated them courteously and generously. He was handsome in appearance, dignified in manner, and brave in combat, and in all he exhibited a primit ivism that had prominent appeal to many Europeans. 4. (Prucha, 1984, p. 7) The coming of the Europeans led to the unfolding of one of the biggest tragedies of history and the practical annihilation of the whole race. The Europeans brought diseases with them that that killed natives by the thousands.The most lethal of the pathogens introduced by the Europeans was smallpox, which sometimes incapacitated so many adults at once that deaths from hunger and starvation ran as high as deaths from disease in several cases, entire tribes were rendered extinct. different killers included measles, influenza, whooping cough, diphtheria, typhus, bubonic plague, cholera, and scarlet fever. Although syphilis was apparently native to parts of the Western hemisphere, it, too, was probably introduced into North America by Europeans. (Lewy, 2004)Apart from bringing diseases, the settlers started encroaching into Native American Territory and over the years pushed the Indians from the einsteinium tow ards the Pacific Rim. The Native Americans were very different from the black slaves. They were used to vast open prairies and their tribal structure fostered independence. In the beginning, the whites used captured natives as slaves. This practice did not really succeed as the Native Americans could not bear the hardships of plantation and farm slavery like the blacks and died in large numbers.In addition, as the standoffs between the whites and the Native Americans grew over the years, wars generally ended in massacres and flight rather than in captivity. By the end of the 18th century, the United States was forcefully pushing the Native Americans increasingly towards the west with a mixture of force, aggression and deceit. Exploitation of rivalries between different tribes furthered this cause and the same people who were very concerned about the abolition of slavery did not baulk at depriving the Native Americans from their livelihood.There was a significant difference between t he perception of Native Americans and slaves in the eyes of the whites. Black slaves were economic assets oppressed people, who however did not pose any economic and physical threat to the whites. Abolition of slavery and proposals for freedom of slaves were, perceived to be causes of economic difficulty for the southern states. However, the fact that very few slaves were involved in the freedom movement did not raise fury against them, even in the southern states.Thus, the sympathy levels for blacks remained high and the movement for their liberation continued with even pace. The perception about Native Americans was very different. The Native Americans were an independent people and the owners of land. They hated the settlers and considered them aggressors, and the whites too thought of them as opponents and dangerous enemies. The 18th century thus witnessed numerous wars between the natives and the white settlers. During the American war of independence, Native Americans fought mostly with the British in a bid to stall the expansionism of the United States.It was only at the end that they realised that the equally treacherous British had ceded huge tracts of their land to the Americans. The beginning of the 19th century thus saw the Native Americans under enormous pressure from the United States, but still owners of huge tracts of land coveted by the whites. The US Congress, in 1830, passed the Indian Removal Bill, a law that forcibly evicted American Indians from their lands and pushed them further to the west. This strategy of dispossession resulted in numerous skirmishes, treaties, wars and the gradual forcible eviction of Native Americans from their lands.All their proposals for peaceful co existence and willingness to adopt the farming methods of the white settlers came to nothing, and by the late nineteenth century, they could live only in specific tracts of lands known as reservations. This process of removal resulted in the deaths of tens of thousa nds of Native Americans from disease and hardship, even as they gave up their homes and lands and moved far away. maven particular journey, known as the Trail of Tears led to the death of thousands of Cherokees. (The Trail of Tears, 2005) 4. ConclusionThe fate of the Native Americans at the hands of the government of the United States is curious in historical annals. In most conquests, the victors rule over the defeated peoples, impose their laws and their religions on the conquered. The dispossession of the Indians is the only instance where the conquerors forced the defeated to discontinue their lands, restricted their freedoms, separated them from society and cooped them up in reservations, much alike concentration camps. Their systematic extermination and relocation is one of the most brutal acts in U. S. history.Most Americans know this intuitively, but theyd rather not think about it-so instead they choose simply to feel sorry for the Indians living today. (Miller, 2000) Th is happened only a hundred and fifty years back at the hands of a democratically elected government of a country that supposedly values liberty, freedom and democracy. The liberation of blacks and the abolition of slavery in the USA occurred along with the practical decimation of the Native Americans, the deprivation of their rights and their banishment to distant reservations, at the hands of the same government.The causes for this unbalanced, ambivalent and much schizophrenic behavior of the free American people and their democratically elected government are difficult, practically impossible to explain. The only possibly valid reason is the independent attitude of the Indian people, their love for freedom and their pride, which made it difficult for them to accept total subjugation. This, unlike the situation with the black slaves, increased their economic and military machine threat in the eyes of the American people and government and led to their genocide and practical annih ilation. BibliographyColeman, M. C. (1985). Presbyterian Missionary Attitudes toward American Indians, 1837-1893. Jackson, MS University Press of Mississippi Fehrenbacher, D. E. (2002). The slaveholding Republic An Account of the United States Governments Relations to Slavery (W. M. Mcafee, Ed. ). New York Oxford University Press. Gutzman, K. C. (2002). The Slaveholding Republic An Account of the United States Governments Relations to Slavery. Journal of Southern History, 68(4), 957+. Retrieved November 24, 2006, from Questia database http//www. questia. com/PM. qst? a=o&d=5002502749 Holder, P.(1974). The Hoe and the Horse on the Plains A Study of Cultural Development among North American Indians. Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska Press. Lewy, G. (2004, September). Were American Indians the Victims of Genocide?. Commentary, 118, 55+. Miller, J. J. (2000, October 9). Buffaloed Fighting the Truth about American Indians. National Review, 52,. Prucha, F. P. (1984). The Great Father Th e United States Government and the American Indians. Lincoln, NE University of Nebraska Press. Schama, Simon, (1987), An Embarrassment of Riches, premier(prenominal) Vintage Books, Random House, New YorkSlavery in Colonial America, (2006), A history of American slavery, Retrieved November 23, 2006 from en. wikipedia. org/wiki/History_of_slavery_in_the_United_States Trafzer, C. E. & Hyer, J. R. (Eds. ). (1999). Exterminate Them Written Accounts of the Murder, Rape, and Slavery of Native Americans during the California Gold Rush, 1848-1868. East Lansing, MI Michigan State University Press. Trail of Tears,(2005), Historical Documents, Retrieved November 21, 2006 from www. americanindians. com Vaknin, S, (2005), Slavery in the USA, Buzle. com, Retrieved November 23, 2006 from www. buzzle. com/editorials/9-26-2005-77541. asp

Hopkins Winhover Analysis

Who is deity? Gerard Hopkins spent his life finding the answer through his poetry and exploring the nature around him. In Gerard Hopkins poem The Windhover at that place is a representational allusion to Christ and Jesus. The speaker praises the Lord by praising what he takes as a symbol for Christ. Throughout the poem the speaker symbolizes Christs glory by the way the falcon reacts to the air, how it maneuvers and even characteristic traits of the falcon species. The poem uses alliteration, internal rhyming, coalesce metaphors, elliptical grammar and complex threads of con nonation.One could only appreciate the glory of the Lord more after interpreting the poem. The poem is almost impossible to ensure without good background knowledge about Hopkinss ideas and his odd words. There are many words of the Anglo-Saxon origin like rung (past extend of ring), minion, dauphin, and chevalier. There are besides unusual combinations like dapple-dawn-drawn, which is an find out of the b ird. The last stanza is particularly complex because of the associatively linked words related to Christ and his sacrifice.Finally, the grammar is also odd actually the poem does not follow any traditional grammar and structure. In short, the poem can be discussed as a sonnet because it has both(prenominal) of the features of the typical sonnet, but it must be called a modified sonnet adapted to a several(predicate) kind of subject, word-game and music. The poem is therefore the thanksgiving to Christ. It is a hymn that is romantic in form but religious in groundwork. When the poet sees the beautiful bird, he is reminded of Christ and becomes thankful and appreciative of him.The poems theme is therefore related to the poets praise of Christ rather than being about the bird. Hopkins has mixed his romantic fascination with the nature and his religious favor of gratitude towards God for giving us a beautiful nature. The beauty of nature is illustrated by his attention that is sudden ly drawn by the scene of a bird brief in the sky. He describes a bird which he saw flying in the sky that morning. Like in a romantic poem, he remembers the inhabit to express his feelings. That morning, the speaker had been out at dawn.From the excited description in the poem, we can infer that the speaker was probably in the field. This admirer of Christ brings the image of Christs wounds, pain and sacrifice. This suggests that he incessantly remembers and becomes thankful to Christ. The poem is subtitled To Christ our Lord because the falcon reminds him of Christ. The speaker continuously hails one of Gods most sensational creatures, the falcon. He is flabbergasted at the magnificence of the windhovers flight. He wonders at its colorful feathers and the sheer speed of its flight.His tone suggests that he is in awe. He is observing something alike to the second coming of Jesus or angels walking among regular men. He throws out a barrage of visual imagery to describe the windho ver and still does not seem to come close to its real magnificence. He wonders how such a creature could exist but is eventually just filled with glee in knowing the fact that it does exist. In the first stanza the speaker states that he spotted the mornings minion as if to suggest that the falcon was somehow less important to the morning.He suggests that there is some sort of royal hierarchy by using words that recall images of sovereignty. He describes the different tricks of the birds flight. The second stanza takes a different stance on things. The windhover is out maneuvering when it smoothly and suddenly dives. The speaker is scared for the birds safety but is pleasantly surprised when the bird is lifted by a huge wind. One can say that in times of foolish pleasure he can fall but Christ will always be there to lift him back up.Christ is the cushion needed for even a temporary fall from grace. Stanza three uses a stream of descriptive words to denote the dignity of such a crea ture. In the animal kingdom it would be considered king of the roost. The speaker calls the windhover a chevalier meaning nickname or in other words a savior. Christ is also considered a savior. The speaker compares the bird and Christ with the hard work of the plow that creates a channel and displays the wet soil underneath and burned embers that shine red-gold when split open and burn with fire. That is directly omparable to the assumption that the speaker was living a tenebrific life until the Lord stirred up his liveliness, split open his dark shell and helped him to shine with a new vigor for life. Christ could be seen in nature in the windhovers existence. He is symbolized in all the actions of the falcon and also delineate in its characteristics. The speaker praises the Lord by his amazed praise and represented in its characteristics. The speaker praises the Lord by his amazed praise and appreciation. Christ does exists in even the smaller details in life and all we restra in to do is observe them periodically to know that Christ lives on.

Thinking

I am thirty four years of age. Im originally from Trinidad and Tobago W. L. Came to America twenty years ago, lived in Brooklyn refreshing York, and attended south shore high school and graduated. Im a very proud and active m otherwise of five children four boys and one girl. I am truly blessed to have my kids In my life. My children play a very big part in my life they are my world. My two boys play basketball, and the other two plays football, my daughter Is a cheerleader, they also o swimming.We do a lot of traveling In the summer time explore deferent shipway of life and what life has to offer, until we ended up In the state of Pennsylvania. I have been In the medical field for over fifteen years, as a companion In homes also In hospitals now am a nurses aid, I love taking perplexity of the elderly and the mentally challenged patients. Taking care of people I enjoy and love doing, I assist my patients with activities and dally living Including bathing, dressing, eating etc.My Job requires hours of walking, standing and heavy Lifting of patients. When Im not working Im formulation cleaning and spending time with my kids doing adventures things, I make sure and put that time in with my children. I am a single mother doing it on my own I think I have the motherly part under control so far. Now Im back in school pursing my dreams of graduating from college and acquiring a better paying job with my degree. My kids support my every step, and I am so excited to be back in school.

Marley is warning Scrooge Essay

Charles the Tempter wrote A Christmas chirp in October 1843. It was the voice of the poor in capital of the United Kingdom at that period. There was a great divide between the classes, Dickens wrote a Christmas Carol so that his readers could learn about the class divide and the suffering of the poor in London Dickens shows the billet very well in A Christmas Carol. Dickens came from a family who experienced debt. Charles younger years where obviously very hard, although he quoted that himself and his family loved Christmas and celebrated it with a smile, even thought he family lived on a low wage.When Dickens undertakeed to write A Christmas Carol he often walked the streets of London conclave ideas and looking at the poor people living in their slums. There is no doubt that Dickens life encouraged him to write A Christmas Carol, his father was thrown in prison for being in debt and Charles had to work at a boot blackening factory on the banks of the Thames. In A Christmas Car ol we meet Scrooge a tight fisted and very rich man, who lived life on as puny as possible so not to waste his well earned money. In a Christmas carol he is a caricature the worst possible person anyone could have met.Dickens lists negatives in the story to display the kind of man he is Scrooge was a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous former(a) evildoer Dickens also uses similes to describe him through out the book, it begins on a simile as nonviable as a door nail this is a clichi d simile a simile that is perpetually used in common vocabulary. Dickens used a clichi because the poor and uneducated would have prize and enjoyed his language, and the flush would realize the unarguable nature of the fact.He also uses then to describe Scrooge he was as solitary as an oyster he refuses to speak with anyone long terms at the start of the book, Dickens writes that even blind mans dogs even hide form him, backing up that scrooge was a caricature. Scrooge plays the part of the upper classes in London, not noticing the divide in society. The upper classes believed that the poor where in like manner lazy to work. Therefore the Victorians created workhouses a place where the poor worked for a bed and food for them self and their families.These places were garter slightly by the work of the philanthropists. Scrooge also does not like philanthropists people who want to suck in money to help the poor be there no prisons? asked Scrooge. The Treadmill and the Poor Law are in full vigour, then? said Scrooge. Both very busy, sir. This show that Scrooge considers money everywhere human welfare, and that he does not want to learn about the plight of the poor this reflects the views of many wealthy handicraftmen of the day. Im very glad to hear it answers Scrooge to help the philanthropists regarding the workhouse.Many notifyt go there and many would or else die. This depicts the truly callous side to the class division. If they wou ld rather die, said Scrooge, they had better do it, and decrease the surplus population. The poor law was the only management of collecting money for the poor, and this tax was so very little that it hardly helped any of the poor or needy. The first ghost Scrooge is haunted by is that of his old business partner Jacob Marley. He warns of tether other ghosts that will haunt Scrooge in the coming night.Jacob and Scrooge ran the business of loan agents their station was to target the poor people of London lending them large amounts of money, money these people could ill support and when the deadline came to pay him back and may couldnt they where thrown into prison and their belongings sold. Marley wore chains I toil the chain I forged in life, said Marley I made it link by link, and atomic number 19 by yard I girded it on of my own free will, and of my own free will I wore it. Marley wore the chains because of every bad thing he did in his lifetime another link was added to the chain.This shows us that Marley was not a kind person. Is its pattern strange to you? The ghost questions Scrooge. Marley is warning Scrooge that when he dies he shall have a chain of his own due to all his bad deeds. Marley states that making money was his business mankind was my business At one oclock, the ghost appears, the features of the ghost were ever changing an old man a young child. This portrays the two ages that would suffer the most at Christmas time it also shows the in fluctuation between past Scrooges youth and the present -Scrooge nowadays.

Leadership Essay

Values of great leading can be found in various types of people. People who argon of unlike ethnicities and are from different points of the world defecate shown to have unusual characteristics of leadership. There were legion(predicate) different approaches positive in studying leadership, one be the trait approach. The trait approach is based on the presumption that leaders are not developed into the leadership role but innate(p) with the characteristics of leadership that permits them to be great leaders. It has been discovered that there are strengths and also weaknesses within the trait approach relating to studying leadership.StrengthsFrom a trait approach, there are many strong characteristics in leadership. A big role of a leaders success is their record. Their personality allows them to be effective when interacting with other people. Sometimes it takes a leaders personality to set or change the tone in a work place, helping to create a positive mood and encouraging a n environment of motivation to succeed and goal achievement. High energy, optimistic, a strong motivator, the qualification to make know and constancy are signature abilities that are believed to be recognized in the trait approach which back up a leader to be successful driven and adaptable (American Library Association , 1997-2013) Although this trait has been known to be very valuable in a successful leader it is has also been said that, this spacious research effort failed to find any traits that would guarantee leadership success. (Gary Yukl, page 13, 2010)WeaknessesAlthough a personality has the ability to be effective it also has the ability to beineffective as well. A leaders personality can be felt as being too strong and overwhelming at times causing some resistance and rebelling to take place with the followers. Many employees function on different learning levels in the workplace. If a supervisor leads with a sense of expectancy, his expectations may be seen as teen sy high by the employees which in turn may damage the positive work environment. Also a supervisors personality can be taken as negative one if they do not take the employees feelings into consideration. To believe that a great supervisor is born with the leadership traits means that, as a company, the employees cannot be developed or effective in the workplace. When a company refrains from filling way dumbfounds from the inside of the company, employees can began to believe that they are in a glass ceiling environment. Creating future leaders within the company has been proven to build the morale of the employees.ConclusionMany abilities that identify great leaders have been found with the trait approach. Although these abilities are good, leadership is not limited by them. It has been exemplified through President Obama that in life, being a leader can be learned. President Obama was not born a leader, but through education and leadership experiences, he now has the ultimate le adership position in this country. Knowing this to be true, other approaches to studying leadership were developed such as the situational approach, the integrated approach, the behavior approach, and the power-influence approach.

Effects of a College Education

A college education has numerous concerns on an man-to-man other than just a better education. Individuals who have get winded college and graduated tend to be more than successful in lifespan than those who didnt. There have been studies through the years that provide evidence presentation that a college education can be very beneficial to a person and have study impacts on their lives. The most comprehensive review to date on the question of the impact of college is found in Ernest Pascarella and Patrick Terenzinis book, How College Affects Students.They used over twenty-six thousand practical studies completed over a period of 50 years in order to what aspects of a persons life is affected during college. They cogitate that an individuals cognitive skills and noetic process miscell whatsoevers of identity, self-concept, and self-esteem changes in relating to others and the people around them, attitudes and values, moral evolution, career choice and development, scotc h benefits, and quality of life after college are all affected while the student attends college.The details concerning cognitive skills and intellectual maturement suggest that students make statistically significant gains during the college years on a number of dimensions of general cognitive capabilities and skills (p. 155), including the ability to deal with conceptual complexity, formal abstract reasoning, critical thinking, the use of evidence and reason to plow ill-structured problems, and both written and oral communication. Most of these benefits seem to occur during the first two years of college.Research on the cyberspace effects, or changes that can be accredited to the college experience itself, rather than other potentiality influences, of these outcomes suggests that college has a net positive influence on diverse measures of critical thinking (p. 156), reflective judgment, and intellectual flexibility, above the adulthood level of individuals who didnt attend c ollege. Perhaps college is the one experience that most typically provides an overall environment where the potential for intellectual growth is maximized (p. 156).Although the whitethorn not be dramatic, changes concerning identity, self-concept, and self-esteem during the college years consistently support a significant positive effect, are evident. The evidence tends to support broadly linear gains in academic and affectionate self-concepts, as well as students beliefs about themselves in such areas as their popularity in general and with the resistance sex, their leadership abilities, their social self-confidence, and their understanding of others (p. 203). In addition, they gain in self-esteem.With the caveat that much of the research on the net effects of college on these particular outcomes is too often confounded by age and approach pattern maturation, and absent controls for family background or other relevant characteristics, Pascarella and Terenzini concluded that pos t-secondary educational attainment step to the fores to be connect positively to changes in students ratings of themselves relative to their peers (p. 204), in legal injury of both academic self-concept and social self-concept. Such effects, however, appear to be small, mostly indirect, and interrelated with other characteristics.As far as changes in relating to others and the world around them, Pascarella and Terenzini concluded that, students relational systems change during the college years, including increases in students freedom from the influences of others, in non-authoritarian thinking and tolerance for other people and their views, in intellectual orientation to problem solving and their own world view in general, in the maturity of their interpersonal relations, in their personal adjustment skills and general sense of psychological well-being, and in their more globally measured levels of maturity and personal development (p. 57). It is believed that the early college years may be somewhat more influential than the later ones in their effect on these outcomes. The authors also state that the weight of evidence indeed fairly clearly supports popular beliefs about the effects of college in helping to reduce students authoritarianism, dogmatism, and (perhaps) ethnocentrism and in change magnitude their intellectual orientation, personal psychological adjustment, and sense of psychological well-being (p. 259).One of the more ample topics concerning research on the impact of college over the decades has focused on charting changes in the values and attitudes of students in five general areas (1) cultural, aesthetic, and intellectual (2) educational and occupational (3) social and political (4) religious and (5) sex and gender roles. Pascarella and Terenzini found that the evidence for change during the college years is both plentiful and consistent, in that colleges, as their founders and supporters might hope, appear to have a generally liberating influence on students attitudes and values.Without exception, the nature and direction of the observed changes involve greater breadth, expansion, inclusiveness, complexity, and appreciation for the new and different. In all cases, the movement is toward greater individual freedom artistic and cultural, intellectual, political, social, racial, educational, occupational, personal, and behavioral (p. 326).The research on the net effects of college support a consistent but modest influence above and beyond the characteristics students ask with them to college, as well as independent of changes that have occurred in the larger society (p. 326) Long considered an eventful goal of American higher education, the character education and moral development of students has only recently gained the doctrinal attention of researchers.Evidence to date suggests that college is linked with statistically significant increases in the use of principled reasoning to arbitrator moral issues, and th at the college experience itself has a unique positive net influence on such development and may be accentuated differentially, from one institution to another, through the student peer context. Furthermore, the key to within-college effects in fostering moral reasoning may lie in providing a range of intellectual, cultural, and social experiences from which a range of different students might potentially benefit (p. 66), such as certain curricular or course interventions.Conditional effects in that regard are, in particular, more positive for those of high levels of cognitive development. Nevertheless, any influence in that direction seems to be long-term and consistent, and may even be linked lastly to a range of principled behaviors, including resisting cheating, social activism, keeping contractual promises, and helping those in need (p. 367). Individuals may change their career paths or interests while attending college. It is clear that students frequently change their career plans during college, and that they deform significantly more mature, knowledgeable, and focused during college in thinking about planning for a career (pp. 487488).In terms of net influence, one of the most pronounced and unequivocal effects of college on career is its impact on the type of job one obtains (p. 488), offering an advantage through occupational status and influence. Whether by socialization or certification a college education offers access to better positioned, and potentially more satisfactory, mployment. Study of the economic benefits has also attracted the attention of post-secondary education researchers, especially since this factor probably underlies the motivation of many students who choose to attend college rather than enter the work force immediately after high school graduation (p. 500). In terms of net effects, it appears that a bachelors degree provides somewhere between a twenty and forty share advantage in earnings over a high school diploma and an estimate of fiscal return on such an investment is somewhere between 9. and 10. 9 percent (p. 529).As Ive said before, a college education has numerous impacts on an individual other than just a better education. Ernest Pascarella and Patrick Terenzini, while not the first to do so, are two people who have studied research to find the impact of a college education. Their research actually has evidence to support the argument that a college education is a priceless thing.

Great Expectations Essay

Magwitch is simply portrayed as an evil man chasing a little boy while in the pitch version we hitch to learn a little to a greater extent than about Magwitch and git empathise with him more. The 1946 careen version incorporates both(prenominal) compositors caseisation and maintaining the earreachs interest (d hotshot through dialogue sort of than just one outstanding word). Therefore, I would argue it is more efficacious. The sound effects fontd in both films are striking and each has moments where the sounds used are more in effect(p) than the early(a) film. For example, Leans film makes use of trees creaking, wind whistling, a short sharp scream and loud lonely bird calls.These sounds build up the effect of loneliness and solitude surrounding dash. This is effective because it allows the auditory modality to become emotionally attached to the character which makes it more dramatic when Pip meets Magwitch. On the other muckle, the 1999 version of the film makes u se of heavy animate and very loud sudden bird calls. These sound effects are mote dramatic than the other films effects because the birds and heavy breathing are very loud and upfront rather than subtle. They really add to the scene and so I believe both the films have equally effective sound effects.A heavy use of symbolism is evident in both films. In the Lean version some symbolism used includes the book at the beginning. This represents that a story is about to be retold and the pages of the book turning suggest that the audience are being immersed into a story. The book may in any case be a subtle tribute to demon from Lean who acknowledges that the film is based on a novel. In fact, Lean tries to remain faithful to some of Dickens descriptions such as the horizontal lines in the sky. The shot of Magwitchs dirty skin is to a fault an arouse use of symbolism.This is very effective because non but does it introduce us to Magwitchs circumstances but it in like manner helps develop an alternate case to him. The dirt on his skin not only suggests that he is different underneath but also shows that he has been through a lot. The contrast in colouring between Magwitchs dark hand and Pips pale skin also reiterates how Magwitch is more evil and Pip is vulnerable. It is very effective because it has many purposes and is done very subtly. There is also symbolism in the later film and an interesting example is the birds flying in the sky.The quick transition from Pips face to the flying birds suggests to the audience that something terrible is happening. The timing of the cut suggests that the birds caws are covering what would be the boys screams. There is also the symbolism in that birds are free and can fly away from trouble while Pip is limited and can not get away so easily. I would argue that there is more important symbolism that has more purposes in the Lean version because there is a tribute to Dickens and it is used to develop the characters and pl otline while the later film mainly uses symbolism for dramatic effect only. unitary way in which the earlier version is very good is in the use of the camera. One frame where it is very effective is when there is a long shot panning behind a tree in a graveyard it is possibly a point of view shot. This not only sets the scene and establishes the reach due to the long-shot but also induces the feeling that the audience are hiding and watching the boy. This makes them wonder what pass on happen to the boy as the audience will not know at this moment whether the character whose view we are taking has good or bad intentions.There is editing where there is flicking from one shot to another and this builds tension and creates confusion. This is used in the dialogue between Pip and Magwitch to show the need of the situation. Between this rapid editing the shots are mainly extreme close ups of Magwitchs face to create fear and close-ups of Pip so his emotions are very clear to the audi ence. The 1946 film has a lot of variations in shot however the 1999 film mainly uses point of view and mid-shots which are interesting because they allow the audience to stay close to what is going on.Yet the variety in the Lean film keeps the audiences interest engaged. There would not have been a choice at the time the film was do but because the film is in raw and unclouded it is often very striking as the black white and grey seem minimalist but they still strongly contrast. Lean uses the black and white to create stark contrasts in the sky and background to emphasise the eeriness and loneliness of the setting. So although he can not make full use of the colour that the later film can Lean uses the contrasts in symbolism.Overall, I would say that although both films have very good openings the earlier one has more ways that make it a better introduction to the story as a whole. Generally I feel that the Lean film has shots that allow for more characterisation and development of plot while also making the vital dramatic impact that is imperative to retain the interest of an audience. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

World Religions: Buddhism and Christianity

This roadmap of this paper is in general twofold. On the oneness side of the spectrum, it attempts to make a successful presentation of the radical temper and underlying teachings of Buddhism as a objet darticular spectral transaction. On the opposite side of the spectrum, this paper hopes to make an equ tot whollyyy successful juxtaposition of the salient points relative to the similarities and differences between Buddhism and saviorianity. The starting point of this essay will be to firstly lay the foundational elements and fundamental useistics of the Buddhism credence, as a jumping board from where the succeeding discussions shall be disengagen.Secondarily, in order to better sit the Buddhisms teachings within the larger pur study of pietism as a phenomenon, its comparison with Christianity shall comprise a significant part of the discussions as well. In the process, this paper hopes to establish that on that point is in fact an array of aspects for both religion s which, withal when on the surface they appear to be only distinct, nevertheless sh ar common strains and resemblances, as far as imperious printings and ethical norms ar concerned.This is a concept of no little importance for history has been a constant witness to the divisive nature of religious pluralism. On a careful analysis, what this paper hopes to ultimately achieve is not to lay assessment on any the correctness or wrongfulness of any doctrine, as it merely wants to appreciate of the distinctness and uniqueness which defines both Buddhism and Christianity, and all arena religions for that matter. Fundamental Tenets of Buddhism Buddhism is a religious tradition believed to be already in place around 500 years before the coming of Christ (Griffiths, 1997, p. 5). The exact locating of its initial inception and formation is relatively unknown, inasmuch as the exact time of its emergence remains to be fully determined. But galore(postnominal) another(prenominal) th inkers believe that the religious parkway started from the Indian peninsula, only to be disperse from the neighboring regions posterior on. An exact definition of Buddhism may be difficult to identify, as a exclusively array of versions of Buddhism claim origin and affinity from the force which may be called as the chief transport of the religion Gautama Buddha, also known as Gautama Sakayamuni.Far from creation a movement characterized by an familiar bond of uniformity or structure, Buddhism is one the few religions in the public which readily embrace mutation from its adherents. In fact, Griffiths would claim that one of the most notable uniqueness of Buddhism lies in its very distinctiated character (1997, p. 5). To concretely cite the case in point, one may perhaps discover that the version of Buddhism being applyd in, say, South Asia, may differ distinctively from the one being observed in near states, say, the countries found in South-East Asia.By inference, it is thereof not without good reasons to suppose that Buddhism is a religious movement that n either demand nor teach an adherence to a uniform doctrine to all its followers. As hereinabove hinted, Buddhism takes root from the inspiration and teaching left by its recognized stop by the name of Gautama Sakayamuni, who later on, would be called Gautama Buddha by his followers. At the very least, this is precisely the reason why the religion is named after its founder since Sakayamuni is believed to be the religions supreme exemplification of a flavor marked by entireness freedom.It is commonly accepted that Gautama Buddha left a host of teaching pertinent to the methods of meditation as a way to attain a totally blissful existence. This state is called Nirvana. Buddhism, it must(prenominal) be mentioned, is largely rough an adherence to a kind of life geared towards the search for enlightenment, as did their founder Gautama. Thus, in view of this, Humphrey believes that this particu lar religion does not chiefly concern itself with the worship of a Transcendent as an adaptation of a particular way of life (1997, p. 13).In many ways, this is yet another glaring certification of Buddhisms peculiarity. Normally, the most fundamental definition of religion which by the way is accepted for most part by nearly all thinkers has, one way or another, the element of a belief in a Transcendent as one of the chief conditions to be satisfied. Taylor thus puts it simply religion is nought else but a belief in a Supreme Being (cited in McCutcheon, 2007, p. 22). As for Buddhism, many thinkers believe that the element of Transcendence in its core doctrines is not that apparent.Which is why, Williams would contend that Buddhism is a religious movement which is not so much associated with doctrinal beliefs as a body of teachings with spiritual benefits (1989, p. 2). In fact, many of Buddhisms teachings are concerned not really with religious worship as with lifestyle, ritual s, devotions and meditations (Mitchell, 2002, p. 1). Buddhism believes reality is always in a constant flux. In other words, it maintains the absolute impermanence of all things (Griffiths, 1997, p. 16).In fact, in the entire corpus of Buddhisms teachings, one may notice that the theme of impermanence is patently recurrent. Since this religion draws heavily from the fundamental recognition that nothing in the knowledge domain is ever permanent, it therefore believes that human persons must exhibit a detached comportment in relation to the things of the knowledge base. In other words, the more a person appreciates the true implication of diversity and impermanence, in a manner being unattached to all things ephemeral, the more a person is closer to the truth about reality (Williams, 1989, p. 3).Taking cue from this fundamental belief, Buddhism teaches that human life is in a perpetual pursuit of enlightenment against the backdrop of an impermanent world and this entails being cons tantly dissatisfied by what read everything the world offers (Williams, 1989, p. 34). In many ways, it is only by properly of mere inference that one cannot anchor his or her contentment or enlightenment on something that ceases to become as time passes. Thus, the plain admission that reality is in fact impermanent should therefore lead believers to equally recognize that nothing in this world ever satisfies human existence to dumbfound with.Buddhism also acknowledges that reality can sometimes be illusory. Put in other words, Buddhism subscribes to belief that, since things are subjected to a constant flux of change, things (therefore) are not what they seem (Griffiths, 1997, p. 20). To this end, the value of meditation takes concrete shape. surmise allows a person to enter into the truth that the world cannot satisfy the longing for human contentment and bliss. It is even said that Buddha himself taught that one must always take on the attitude of dissatisfaction even in med itation.In this way, one can therefore sift through the elements which constitute eternal happiness from a world replete with ephemeral things (Mitchell, 2002, p. 33). Through meditation, Buddhism offers a way towards the ultimate state of blissfulness called Nirvana. Through it, one is able to create a standpoint marked by a deliberate renunciation of the world i. e. , a total freedom from the world. It also has to be pointed out that Buddhism offers a set of belief systems that demands concrete actions as well.The doctrine called the four noble truths for instance essentially begins with the fundamental belief that life is woeful and subsequently demands correlative actions to address it. To concretely cite, Buddhism holds that there are four noble truths in life namely, (1) life is suffering, (2) the cause of suffering is cravings for pleasure, (3) freedom from suffering is temperance from pleasures, and (4) the way to stop suffering is to practice the eight-fold path which incl udes, right view, right intention, right speech, right action, right living, right conduct, right mindfulness and right concentration (Mitchell, 2002, pp. 5-47). Buddhism and Christianity a Juxtaposition It has to be firstly remembered that the task of the succeeding discussion is not to draw a point-for-point correspondence between Buddhism and Christianity. The whole point of comparing and contrasting is the inference of resemblances in either religious themes and moral tendencies of both religions in question, piece of music affirming the innate distinctness each of them primarily possess. First, it is illustrious to cite that both Buddhism and Christianity are religious movements that accede to the authority of their founders who act as the primordial and central point of their emergence.Buddhism on the one hand sees Buddha as the exemplification of their journey towards a transcendent end. Buddha, while considered not as a divinity, remains to be the only figure of transcend ent to whom Buddhism profess a faith. Christianity is pretty much the same except that the person whom they recognize as its founder deliveryman Christ is firstly believed to as a divinity. Like Buddhism, Christianity owes its emergence from the life and teachings of its recognized founder. In fact, according to Alister McGrath, the set up cause of Christian faith and Christian doctrine was and is a man named Jesus (1997, p. ). Put simply, the belief on the Lordship of Jesus Christ was the primordial force that pushed Christianity to become a distinct religious movement out of the mainline Judaic religion. Second, it is also wise to tonicity that both Buddhism and Christianity believe on an high-minded existence apart from this world. Buddhism, as mentioned, relegates a serious amount of its teachings on meditations, in the hope that much(prenominal) a practice would usher its believers onto a state of complete bliss.Christianity too believes that in state of abruptly blissf ul vision of the Lord, translated into heaven (Sheed, 1957, p. 220). Christians believe that when a person dies, his or her soul can either go to heaven or be condemned to hell. Be that as it may, the belief in the incomparable happiness brought about by mans living contact with the infinite perfection of God, or the concept of an afterlife still emerges. Third, with equal interest it must also be mentioned that both Buddhism and Christianity place the question of suffering within the very context of their respective belief systems.Buddhism acknowledges that suffering needs to be purged and surpassed by letting oneself become free from the lures of the world. Christianity meanwhile believes that suffering has a place in the faith it professes. epoch Christianity recognizes the undeniable nature of human suffering, it treats the latter with much profoundness and uniqueness. Christianity does not teach that all sufferings must be purged instead, it teaches that there are sufferings t hat must be embraced for the sake of heaven.This is supremely exemplified by Jesus Christ himself the God-man who, by suffering in His soul and body on the cross saved the world from its sinfulness (Sheed, 1957, p. 127). By way of contrast though, it needs to be acknowledge that there are certain(prenominal) strains of beliefs that distinguish Buddhism from Christianity in a manner being patent and obvious. One can perhaps note how, first, Buddhism differs from Christianity on account of the belief in a divine transcendence. Christianity believes in a God which is Trinitarian in character.This means Christians profess to a God who comes in three distinct persons the Father, the Son (who is Jesus Christ) and the beatified Spirit (Sheed, 1957, p. 54). If Christianity has a very concrete way of imaging its belief in a divinely transcendent Being, Buddhisms belief system, by contrast, cannot sufficiently pinpoint the image of a divine and a belief in the Supreme Being is highly ambi guous for them. Far more critical, there are even those who doubt if the idea of a Supreme Being is tenable for the Buddhist faith.Griffiths for instance notes that the metaphysics of impermanence makes it difficult for Buddhist to conceive of a god, who, at least for Christians, is considered to be enduring, impermanent and most of all, fixed (1997, p. 23). Second, briefly it can be cited too that Buddhism differs from Christianity in terms of religious structure. It was previously mentioned that Buddhism does not appear to demand a uniform set of doctrines for all its members to observe. This is why, there are a number of different versions of Buddhism throughout the world.Christianity on the contrary insists on a universal acceptance of its official corpus of teachings. While this does not imply that Christianity does not have its own minority versions, the crux of the matter here is that, Christianity, inappropriate Buddhism, emphasizes, or, more appropriately insists on the n eed, for its adherents, to profess in one i. e. , uniform set of key doctrinal tenets (Sheed, 1957, p. 140). Conclusion This paper concludes with a thought that firstly affirms the need to recognize the value of Buddhism as a movement distinct and unique on its own.As a religion which has been in place for the daylong time in human history, it was lettered though the discussions that Buddhism takes root from the life and inspiration lent by its recognized founder, Gautama Buddha. Moreover, it was also learned that Buddhism has long established itself as one of the major religions of the world to date, offer its adherents a doctrine which on the one hand embraces a perpetual dissatisfaction towards all things, and on the other hand longs for a state of complete happiness that can only be found within.By right of mere logic, it is not for nothing that millions of people embrace this faith with much devotion and dear for its doctrines allow its believers to glimpse beyond the eph emeral affairs of the world. With equal interest, this paper also presented a cloggy juxtaposition of Buddhism and Christianity, and therefore concludes that there are indeed strains of similarities which can be gleaned from between the two religions.Among others, it was learned that both of them recognize authoritative figures as their revered founders Gautama for Buddhism and Jesus Christ for Christianity. And surely, there are roofy more similarities and differences which can be cited to this end. In the final analysis though, this paper further concludes that despite sufficient differences, many of the aspects of both religions manifest areas that may be taken as facets for future dialogue and reciprocal appreciation.